These enclaves, where the Indians pass their lives like disguised Indians are places having a little link with the mainland. They are like the oasis in the great desert of India and the inhabitants, who dwell their still, call them Indians.

These enclaves are but the No Man’s Land lacking relation with the administration of India. Indian enclaves are very much fertile and famous for lush paddy, jute and tobacco fields and bamboo and mango orchards.

Over and above, the enclave’s inhabitants grow pineapples, jackfruits and different types of vegetables including a host of cash crops. Although, they do all agricultural works without any provision of irrigation water or shallow-tube-wells. The enclave’s farmers raise more than 02 to 03 crops a year depending upon rainwater and relying on primitive wells. Apart from this, another occupation of   the residents of   Indian enclaves is fishing.

The enclaves do not have any provision for purchasing and disposing of lands. The Indian people, who intend to live in these Indian enclaves permanently, have only the right to register their plots of land in their names.

Here, the cultivators are deprived of their rights because of the might’s of some Bangladeshi land-sharks. Sometimes, the villagers are compelled to leave their paternal property. As per rule or act, the land of enclaves are not sold or bought, except the inhabitants of the enclave people. So, the inhabitants have to bear various troubles to inhabit there.

This is why Bangladeshi administrators with some pleas often harass them. As a result, they are suffering a lot. Many of them, who cannot bear this harassment, sell their property to the Bangladeshi land-sharks and leave for Indian mainland forever.

On the other hand, the Bangladeshi land-sharks and the people gradually either are swallowing the lands of the inhabitants of the Indian enclaves by threat or by money or by force in an illegal way and it are continuing, even, after the demarcation. More than 40% (percent) to 45% (percent) of the land belongs to the Indian enclaves have been purchased by the Bangladeshi in the guise of the Indians.

Although, land of the Bangladeshi peoples are made protected. These ‘fake-Indians’ (that is, Bangladeshis, who are now still buying the lands of the inhabitants of   the Indian enclaves in various ways) are registered these pieces of lands in their and the members of the family’s names, which offer dual citizen to them.

But as per Land Law of Bangladesh or Land Act of Bangladesh that a man can purchase not more than 60 bighas (that is, measures of land equal to 20 Kathas, that is, 01 Katha equal to 720 square feet or 08,64,000 square feet) of land in his name. But many of them use to purchase illegally the land of Indian enclave’s inhabitants, which Bangladesh Government pretends to over look.

On the other hand, the citizens of the Indian enclaves are getting themselves deprived of their own rights upon those illegally encroached or occupied the lands of the Indian enclaves. The people of these Indian enclaves have alleged that nothing happens even; many complain are lodged about this matter in both the countries.

In fact, the Indian enclaves are green-fields, full of crops and cows full of milk have captivated the Pakistanis, which even after the independence of Bangladesh do not think of shake off their intimacy with these well-watered land. These the then so-called Pakistani, presently known as Bangladeshi – people have been now keeping existence through various troubles with the help of political and administrative powers.

This is clear, even from the transfer of such types of lands. The Indian Intelligence Bureau (IB) has reported that there are such 40-numbers to 50-numbers case of transfer of ownership of the lands of the inhabitants of the Indian enclaves that amount 80-acres to 85-acres of such land between January, 2000 to March, 2000.

The indifference attitude of the Government to this twice-told tale of human problem is astonishing. The Indian enclaves had multifarious problems and even, Radcliff Awards and Bagge Awards failed to sole these problems.

Although, to overcome the situation, an agreement was signed between the then Indian PM, Jawaharlal Nehru and the then Pakistani PM, Feroz Khan Noon tried the chance to resolve the purulent matter on 10th September, 1958.

According to that agreement, it was decided that old Coochbehar enclaves of India in Pakistan would be exchanged against the Pakistani enclaves in India. But, for doing the same one could claim any compensation for extra area of land going to Pakistan.

As per Nehru-Noon pact, 1958, the total land area of the Indian enclaves is near about 32 square miles against the total land area of Bangladesh about 18 square miles. It is fact that this agreement put much stress upon the implementation of that Indira-Mujib agreement. But, this time it was decided that India would receive lesser area of land from Bangladesh than she would enjoy as per Indira-Mujib pact, 1974 in comparison to Nehru-Noon pact, 1958.

But, ultimately no proper solution came out for it. But, when, after 16 years later, that is, on 16th May, 1974, again India, under the PM of Mrs. Indira Gandhi and the PM of Bangladesh, Sheikh Mujibar Rahaman accepted to solve this burning issue through the exchange of the enclaves. But, the authorities got this pact an enigma with ‘internal and legal intricate’.

Although, Article 3 of the India-Bangladesh International Border Agreement, 16th May, 1974 (Concerning the Demarcation of Land Boundary), grants the right on the populaces living in these above enclaves, of staying on where they are as citizens of the nation to which the part shall be transferred or moved and pending demarcation of the international border and swap of territory by mutual pact, there should be no trouble of the status quo and peaceful situation shall be keep continue in the international border region. Article 1 of the aforesaid pact offers that these above enclaves will be exchanged by the aforesaid two nations.

Apart from this, the Bangladeshis are starting to live in the Indian enclaves without any ‘Passport’ or ‘Visa’ or ‘valid document’. In fact, the dispossession of the Indian Chhitmahali (that is, who are living in the enclave)s from their own motherland by the Bangladeshi people inhumanly since the beginning of the year, 1950 and from that period, the quitting nature from their homeland (that is, Indian enclaves) of chhitmahalis grew length and breadth. The first attack and torture hit the Adibashi Santhal tribe, (who made their shelter in those plots of land, which was covered by dense forests) then Koch Rajbongshi clan and at last Muslim race.

The enclavers cleared off these forests in order to build their sheds and so they were allowed to settle there without revenue. But, as time passed by the situation changed and the enclaves had to quit those plots of land.

Thus, minorities among the minority of whom 80% (percent) came to main land by 1956 to 1957 and then the Hindu, Rajbongshi and Muslim people of   these chhitmahals began to come here by turn. Presently, about 01,000-numbers to 01,500-numbers of   family of these uprooted enclaves came into India and took shelter in North-Bengal, a part of   West-Bengal.

In this connection, 02-numbers of Adibashi Refugee Camp (RC), one is Kadomonijote under Kharibari Block near India-Nepal international border and the other one is Gaishal in the district of North-Dinajpur (former East Dinajpur). Kadomonijote is beside the southern part of Mechi river in the district of Darjeeling. Nepal is the other side of Mechi river and after a few kilometers off stands the boundary of West-Bengal. From here, again commence the area of   the other Indian state, Bihar.

Thus, Kadomonijote is a camp consisting of Nepalese, Bihari (India) refugee coming from Bangladesh and the inhabitants of the enclaves et cetera of 85-numbers of family. These people came to live here since, 1950. The land of this area is full of sand. It is about 85% (percent) and so very hard to produce paddy, et cetera.

The people of this region have an aptitude to cultivate paddy and tend animals, like cow, buffalo, goat, hen, swan, and etcetera. But, as this region is full of sand the inhabitants get a little scope to produce paddy. As regards animal husbandry, finance is the most import problem and for this want of adequate finances, these people cannot carry out the works of the tending cattle et cetera. Therefore, they have been compelled to do no other job but to work as daily labour.

The nearest town from this place is about 15-kilometres to 16-kilometres. Bhdrapur, a noted town of Nepal situated here by Mechi river. It is a business center and a few mills are located at Bhadrapur Many well to do middle and upper-middle-class people live here. The refugee-camp-mates come here to work in their houses. The people work here as daily-labourer or as rickshaw-pullers, hand-barrow-pullers, fish-seller, vegetable-seller, carpenters, cobblers and their helpers et cetera.

The other camp is 'Gaishal’'. In the year between 1950 to 1951, about 250-numbers to 300-numbers uprooted Indian chhitmahali came here from Indian enclave, Shalbari. These people built their huts in an old and deserted runway, which was used during the World War – II. The Government of India rehabilitated the refugees came from formerly East-Bengal, in the year, 1952.

As a result, the chhitmahalis then again forced to leave this place and went to Kishanganj district of Bihar. But, in the year, 1960, the malaria disease turned into epidemic in the entire Kishanganj district’s areas and these unfortunate chhitmahalis felt victim of this disease. Many died and the rest returned to their previous shelter at Gaishal.

But, (this time), the camp for these people was built at a little distance in a sandy shore of a dead river. Although, this was also a temporary shelter; because, the Teesta Dam Project again compelled them to turn into shelter less nomads. This broke the unity of the chhitmahalis. They broke into several groups. Some of them became irregular Tea Garden labours and some adopt other profession like porters, day-labourers and so on. The families were fragmented into many families. At present, there are 400-numbers of family, who live in he broken Jhupri (that is, low-hut)s built by the Teesta Canal.